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Kugwiritsa ntchito ma metasurfaces kuti mupititse patsogolo kupindula ndi kudzipatula kwa ma antennas a PCB ambiri pamakina olumikizirana a 5G sub-6 GHz

wideband pcb mlongoti (1)

Ntchitoyi ikupereka mlongoti wophatikizika wa multi-input multiple-output (MIMO) metasurface (MS) wideband antenna ya sub-6 GHz five generation (5G) wireless communication systems. Zachilendo zodziwikiratu za dongosolo la MIMO lomwe likuyembekezeredwa ndi bandwidth yake yogwira ntchito, kupindula kwakukulu, zololeza zazing'ono, komanso kudzipatula kwabwino mkati mwa zigawo za MIMO. Malo owala a tinyanga amafupikitsidwa mozungulira, okhazikika pang'ono, ndipo ma metasurfaces amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a tinyanga. Mlongoti wamtundu umodzi wophatikizidwa wa MS uli ndi miyeso yaying'ono ya 0.58 × 0.58λ × 0.02λ. Zotsatira zoyezera ndi zoyezera zimawonetsa magwiridwe antchito amtundu wautali kuchokera ku 3.11 GHz mpaka 7.67 GHz, kuphatikiza kupindula kwakukulu komwe kunapezedwa kwa 8 dBi. Dongosolo la magawo anayi a MIMO adapangidwa kuti mlongoti uliwonse ukhale wolumikizana wina ndi mnzake ndikusunga kukula kocheperako komanso magwiridwe antchito apatali kuchokera ku 3.2 mpaka 7.6 GHz. Chithunzi chojambulidwa cha MIMO chidapangidwa ndikupangidwa pagawo la Rogers RT5880 ndikutayika kochepa komanso miyeso yaying'ono ya 1.05? 1.05 ku? 0.02 ?, ndipo magwiridwe ake amawunikidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mphete yotsekedwa yokhala ndi mphete yokhala ndi 10 x 10. Zomwe zili zofunika ndizofanana. Metasurface yakumbuyo yomwe ikuyembekezeredwa imachepetsa kwambiri ma radiation am'mbuyo a antenna ndikuwongolera magawo amagetsi, potero kumapangitsa bandwidth, kupindula, ndi kudzipatula kwa zigawo za MIMO. Poyerekeza ndi tinyanga ta MIMO zomwe zilipo kale, mlongoti wa 4-port MIMO wapeza phindu lalikulu la 8.3 dBi ndikuchita bwino kwambiri mpaka 82% mu bandi ya 5G sub-6 GHz ndipo ikugwirizana bwino ndi zotsatira zoyezedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, mlongoti wa MIMO wopangidwa umawonetsa ntchito yabwino kwambiri potengera envelopu coefficient (ECC) yochepera 0.004, diversity gain (DG) pafupifupi 10 dB (> 9.98 dB) komanso kudzipatula kwakukulu pakati pa zigawo za MIMO (> 15.5 dB). makhalidwe. Chifukwa chake, mlongoti wa MS-based MIMO antenna umatsimikizira kugwiritsa ntchito maukonde a sub-6 GHz 5G.
Ukadaulo wa 5G ndikupita patsogolo kodabwitsa pamalumikizidwe opanda zingwe komwe kumathandizira maukonde othamanga komanso otetezeka kwa mabiliyoni a zida zolumikizidwa, kupatsa ogwiritsa ntchito "zero" latency (latency ya zosakwana 1 millisecond), ndikuyambitsa umisiri watsopano, kuphatikiza zamagetsi. Chithandizo chamankhwala, maphunziro anzeru. , mizinda yanzeru, nyumba zanzeru, zenizeni zenizeni (VR), mafakitale anzeru ndi Internet of Vehicles (IoV) akusintha miyoyo yathu, anthu ndi mafakitale1,2,3. US Federal Communications Commission (FCC) imagawa mawonekedwe a 5G m'magulu anayi a frequency4. Gulu lafupipafupi lomwe lili pansi pa 6 GHz ndilosangalatsa kwa ofufuza chifukwa limalola kulankhulana kwautali ndi mitengo yapamwamba ya data5,6. Magawo a sub-6 GHz 5G spectrum a 5G padziko lonse lapansi akuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 1, kusonyeza kuti mayiko onse akulingalira za sub-6 GHz spectrum ya 5G communications7,8. Antennas ndi gawo lofunikira pamanetiweki a 5G ndipo adzafunika masiteshoni oyambira komanso tinyanga ta ogwiritsa ntchito.
Ma antennas a Microstrip patch ali ndi ubwino wowonda ndi mawonekedwe apansi, koma ndi ochepa mu bandwidth ndi gain9,10, kafukufuku wambiri wapangidwa kuti awonjezere phindu ndi bandwidth ya antenna; M'zaka zaposachedwa, ma metasurfaces (MS) akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muumisiri wa antenna, makamaka kuti apititse patsogolo phindu ndi kutuluka11,12, komabe, ma antennawa amangokhala pa doko limodzi; Ukadaulo wa MIMO ndi gawo lofunikira pa kulumikizana opanda zingwe chifukwa amatha kugwiritsa ntchito tinyanga zingapo nthawi imodzi kuti atumize deta, potero amawongolera kuchuluka kwa data, magwiridwe antchito a spectral, mphamvu ya njira, ndi kudalirika13,14,15. Ma antennas a MIMO ndi omwe angathe kukhala nawo pa mapulogalamu a 5G chifukwa amatha kutumiza ndi kulandira deta pamayendedwe angapo popanda kufunikira mphamvu zowonjezera16,17. Kugwirizana kolumikizana pakati pa zigawo za MIMO kumadalira komwe kuli zinthu za MIMO komanso kupindula kwa mlongoti wa MIMO, zomwe ndizovuta kwambiri kwa ofufuza. Zithunzi 18, 19, ndi 20 zikuwonetsa tinyanga tating'ono ta MIMO tikugwira ntchito mu gulu la 5G sub-6 GHz, zonse zikuwonetsa kudzipatula kwa MIMO komanso magwiridwe antchito. Komabe, phindu ndi bandwidth yogwiritsira ntchito machitidwe omwe akufunsidwawa ndi otsika.
Metamatadium (MMs) ndi zida zatsopano zomwe kulibe m'chilengedwe ndipo zimatha kuwongolera mafunde amagetsi, potero zimawongolera magwiridwe antchito a tinyanga21,22,23,24. MM tsopano imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muukadaulo wa antenna kukonza mawonekedwe a radiation, bandwidth, phindu, ndi kudzipatula pakati pa zinthu za mlongoti ndi machitidwe olumikizirana opanda zingwe, monga momwe tafotokozera mu 25, 26, 27, 28. metasurface, momwe gawo la mlongoti limayikidwa pakati pa metasurface ndi pansi popanda kusiyana kwa mpweya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti MIMO igwire bwino. Komabe, kamangidwe kameneka kali ndi kukula kwakukulu, maulendo otsika ogwiritsira ntchito komanso mawonekedwe ovuta. Gulu la electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) ndi loop pansi zikuphatikizidwa mu mlongoti wa MIMO30 womwe ukufunidwa wa 2-port wideband kuti apititse patsogolo kudzipatula kwa zida za MIMO30. Mlongoti wopangidwa uli ndi machitidwe abwino a MIMO osiyanasiyana komanso kudzipatula kwabwino pakati pa tinyanga ziwiri za MIMO, koma pogwiritsa ntchito zigawo ziwiri za MIMO, phindu lidzakhala lochepa. Kuphatikiza apo, in31 idaperekanso mlongoti wa MIMO wapawiri-wideband (UWB) ndikufufuza momwe MIMO imagwirira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito zitsulo. Ngakhale mlongoti uwu ukhoza kugwira ntchito ya UWB, phindu lake ndilochepa ndipo kudzipatula pakati pa tinyanga ziwirizi ndi koipa. Ntchito in32 ikupereka dongosolo la 2-port MIMO lomwe limagwiritsa ntchito zowunikira zamagetsi zamagetsi (EBG) kuti awonjezere phindu. Ngakhale gulu la antenna opangidwa limapindula kwambiri komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino a MIMO, kukula kwake kwakukulu kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kugwiritsa ntchito pazida zoyankhulirana za m'badwo wotsatira. Mlongoti wina wa burodibandi wowunikira unapangidwa mu 33, pomwe chowunikiracho chidaphatikizidwa pansi pa mlongoti wokhala ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kwa 22 mm, kuwonetsa kutsika kwapamwamba kwa 4.87 dB. Paper 34 imapanga mlongoti wa MIMO wa madoko anayi a ma mmWave, omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi wosanjikiza wa MS kuti apititse patsogolo kudzipatula komanso kupindula kwa dongosolo la MIMO. Komabe, mlongoti uwu umapereka phindu labwino komanso kudzipatula, koma uli ndi bandwidth yochepa komanso zinthu zosauka zamakina chifukwa cha kusiyana kwakukulu kwa mpweya. Momwemonso, mu 2015, antenna atatu, ma 4-port bowtie-wofanana ndi metasurface-integrated MIMO antenna adapangidwa kuti azilumikizana ndi mmWave ndikupindula kwakukulu kwa 7.4 dBi. B36 MS imagwiritsidwa ntchito kumbuyo kwa mlongoti wa 5G kuonjezera phindu la mlongoti, kumene metasurface imakhala ngati chowonetsera. Komabe, mawonekedwe a MS ndi asymmetric ndipo chidwi chochepa chaperekedwa pamapangidwe a cell cell.
Malinga ndi zotsatira zowunikira pamwambapa, palibe tinyanga tapamwambazi tapeza phindu lalikulu, kudzipatula kwabwino kwambiri, magwiridwe antchito a MIMO komanso kufalikira kwa bandeji. Chifukwa chake, pakufunikabe mlongoti wa metasurface MIMO womwe umatha kuphimba ma frequency osiyanasiyana a 5G pansi pa 6 GHz ndi kupindula kwakukulu komanso kudzipatula. Poganizira zoperewera za mabuku omwe tawatchulawa, makina opangira ma antenna anayi a MIMO okhala ndi phindu lalikulu komanso magwiridwe antchito amitundu yosiyanasiyana akukonzedwa kuti azilumikizana ndi ma sub-6 GHz opanda zingwe. Kuphatikiza apo, mlongoti wa MIMO womwe waperekedwa umawonetsa kudzipatula pakati pa zigawo za MIMO, mipata yaying'ono, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ma radiation. Chigamba cha mlongoti chimadulidwa modukizadukiza ndikuyikidwa pamwamba pa metasurface ndi mpweya wa 12mm, womwe umawonetsa ma radiation akumbuyo kuchokera ku mlongoti ndikuwongolera kupindula ndi kuwongolera. Kuphatikiza apo, mlongoti umodzi womwe ukuganiziridwa umagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mlongoti wazinthu zinayi wa MIMO wokhala ndi magwiridwe antchito apamwamba a MIMO poyika mlongoti uliwonse molunjika wina ndi mnzake. Mlongoti wa MIMO wopangidwa ndiye adaphatikizidwa pamwamba pa gulu la 10 × 10 MS lokhala ndi ndege yamkuwa yamkuwa kuti apititse patsogolo magwiridwe antchito. Kapangidwe kake kamakhala ndi magwiridwe antchito osiyanasiyana (3.08-7.75 GHz), kupindula kwakukulu kwa 8.3 dBi komanso kuchita bwino kwambiri kwa 82%, komanso kudzipatula kwakukulu kuposa −15.5 dB pakati pa zigawo za mlongoti wa MIMO. Mlongoti wa MS-based MIMO antenna adayesedwera pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya 3D electromagnetic software CST Studio 2019 ndikutsimikiziridwa kudzera m'maphunziro oyesera.
Gawoli limapereka chitsogozo chatsatanetsatane cha kamangidwe kamene kakufuna komanso kamangidwe ka mlongoti umodzi. Kuphatikiza apo, zotsatira zofananizidwa ndi zowonedwa zimakambidwa mwatsatanetsatane, kuphatikiza magawo obalalitsa, kupindula, komanso kuchita bwino ndi popanda ma metasurfaces. Mlongoti wa prototype adapangidwa pagawo la Rogers 5880 low loss dielectric substrate yokhala ndi makulidwe a 1.575mm yokhala ndi dielectric yokhazikika ya 2.2. Kupanga ndikutengera kapangidwe kake, phukusi la CST studio la 2019 linagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Chithunzi 2 chikuwonetsa kapangidwe kake kamangidwe ndi kamangidwe ka mlongoti wa chinthu chimodzi. Malinga ndi ma equations a masamu okhazikika37, mlongoti uli ndi malo odyetserako mabwalo ozungulira komanso ndege yamkuwa (monga momwe tafotokozera mu sitepe 1) ndipo imagwirizana ndi bandwidth yopapatiza kwambiri pa 10.8 GHz, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 3b. Kukula koyambirira kwa radiator ya mlongoti kumatsimikiziridwa ndi ubale wamasamu37:
Pomwe \(P_{L}\) ndi \(P_{w}\) ndi kutalika ndi m'lifupi mwake, c imayimira liwiro la kuwala, \(\gamma_{r}\) ndi dielectric constant ya gawo lapansi. . , \(\gamma_{reff }\) imayimira mphamvu ya dielectric ya malo a radiation, \(\Delta L\) imayimira kusintha kwa kutalika kwa malo. Ndege yakumbuyo ya antenna idakongoletsedwa mu gawo lachiwiri, ndikuwonjezera bandwidth yolepheretsa ngakhale bandwidth yotsika kwambiri ya 10 dB. Mugawo lachitatu, malo odyetsera amasunthidwa kumanja, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti bandwidth ya impedance ndi kufanana kwa mlongoti38. Pakadali pano, mlongoti ukuwonetsa bandwidth yogwira ntchito bwino ya 4 GHz komanso imakwirira sipekitiramu yomwe ili pansipa 6 GHz mu 5G. Gawo lachinayi komanso lomaliza limaphatikizapo kuyika ma square grooves m'makona oyang'anizana ndi malo a radiation. Malowa amakulitsa kwambiri 4.56 GHz bandwidth kuphimba sub-6 GHz 5G sipekitiramu kuchokera ku 3.11 GHz kufika ku 7.67 GHz, monga momwe chithunzi 3b chikusonyezera. Mawonedwe akutsogolo ndi apansi a kapangidwe kameneka akusonyezedwa mu Chithunzi 3a, ndipo zomaliza zokongoletsedwa zofunika kamangidwe kameneka ndi motere: SL = 40 mm, Pw = 18 mm, PL = 18 mm, gL = 12 mm, fL = 11. mm, fW = 4 .7 mm, c1 = 2 mm, c2 = 9.65 mm, c3 = 1.65 mm.
(a) Mawonedwe apamwamba komanso akumbuyo a mlongoti umodzi wopangidwa (CST STUDIO SUITE 2019). (b) S-parameter yopindika.
Metasurface ndi liwu lomwe limatanthawuza magulu angapo amtundu wamagulu omwe amakhala pamtunda wina ndi mnzake. Metasurfaces ndi njira yabwino yosinthira magwiridwe antchito a ma radiation a antenna, kuphatikiza bandwidth, phindu, komanso kudzipatula pakati pa zigawo za MIMO. Chifukwa cha kukhudzidwa kwa kufalikira kwa mafunde a pamwamba, ma metasurfaces amapanga ma resonance owonjezera omwe amathandizira kuti magwiridwe antchito a tinyanga39. Ntchitoyi ikupereka gawo la epsilon-negative metamaterial (MM) lomwe likugwira ntchito mu gulu la 5G pansi pa 6 GHz. MM yokhala ndi malo a 8mm × 8mm idapangidwa pakutayika pang'ono gawo lapansi la Rogers 5880 ndi dielectric yokhazikika ya 2.2 ndi makulidwe a 1.575mm. Chigamba chokometsedwa cha MM resonator chimakhala ndi mphete yozungulira yozungulira yolumikizidwa ndi mphete ziwiri zosinthidwa zakunja, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 4a. Chithunzi 4a chikufotokozera mwachidule magawo omaliza omwe akukonzedwa a MM. Pambuyo pake, 40 × 40 mm ndi 80 × 80 mm metasurface zigawo zinapangidwa popanda mkuwa wamkuwa ndi kumbuyo kwa mkuwa pogwiritsa ntchito 5 × 5 ndi 10 × 10 ma cell arrays, motero. Mapangidwe a MM omwe akufunsidwa adapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya 3D electromagnetic modelling "CST studio suite 2019". Chitsanzo chopangidwa cha MM array array structure ndi miyeso (dual-port network analyzer PNA and waveguide port) ikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 4b kutsimikizira zotsatira zofananitsa za CST posanthula yankho lenileni. Kukonzekera kwa miyeso kunagwiritsa ntchito Agilent PNA network analyzer kuphatikiza ndi ma waveguide coaxial adapter (A-INFOMW, gawo nambala: 187WCAS) kutumiza ndi kulandira ma sign. Ma prototype 5 × 5 adayikidwa pakati pa ma adapter awiri a waveguide coaxial olumikizidwa ndi chingwe cha coaxial kupita ku makina osanthula ma doko awiri (Agilent PNA N5227A). Agilent N4694-60001 calibration kit imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa makina owerengera pamakampani oyendetsa. Zofananira ndi CST zomwe zimawonedwa mobalalika zamitundu yofananira ya MM ikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 5a. Zitha kuwoneka kuti mawonekedwe a MM omwe akufunidwawo amabweranso mumtundu wa 5G pafupipafupi pansi pa 6 GHz. Ngakhale kusiyana kwakung'ono kwa bandwidth ya 10 dB, zotsatira zoyeserera ndi zoyeserera ndizofanana kwambiri. Mafupipafupi a resonant, bandwidth, ndi matalikidwe a resonance yowonedwa ndizosiyana pang'ono ndi zofananira, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 5a. Kusiyana kumeneku pakati pa zotsatira zomwe zimawonedwa ndi zofananira ndi chifukwa cha zolakwika zopanga, zololeza zazing'ono pakati pa ma prototype ndi ma waveguide ports, kuphatikiza zolumikizana pakati pa madoko a waveguide ndi magawo osiyanasiyana, komanso kulolerana kwa miyeso. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyika koyenera kwa prototype yopangidwa pakati pa madoko a waveguide pakukhazikitsa koyeserera kungapangitse kusintha kwa resonance. Kuphatikiza apo, phokoso losafunikira lidawonedwa panthawi yoyeserera, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti pakhale kusiyana pakati pa manambala ndi zotsatira zoyezedwa. Komabe, kupatula zovuta izi, MM array prototype imagwira ntchito bwino chifukwa cha kulumikizana kwamphamvu pakati pa kuyerekezera ndi kuyesa, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kwa sub-6 GHz 5G yolumikizirana opanda zingwe.
(a) Unit cell geometry (S1 = 8 mm, S2 = 7 mm, S3 = 5 mm, f1, f2, f4 = 0.5 mm, f3 = 0.75 mm, h1 = 0.5 mm, h2 = 1 .75 mm) (CST STUDIO SUITE) ) 2019) (b) Chithunzi cha khwekhwe la MM kuyeza.
(a) Kuyerekezera ndi kutsimikizira kwa ma curve obalalika amtundu wa metamaterial. (b) Kupindika kosalekeza kwa dielectric kwa cell ya MM unit.
Zofunikira zogwira ntchito monga dielectric constant, maginito permeability, ndi refractive index adaphunziridwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zomangira za CST electromagnetic simulator kuti aunikenso machitidwe a cell unit ya MM. Magawo ogwira ntchito a MM amachokera ku magawo obalalitsa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yomanganso yolimba. Ma transmittance and reflection coefficient equations awa: (3) ndi (4) angagwiritsidwe ntchito kudziwa refractive index and impedance (onani 40).
Magawo enieni ndi ongoyerekeza a wogwiritsa ntchito amaimiridwa ndi (.)' ndi (.)” motsatana, ndipo chigawo chonse cham chimagwirizana ndi mlozera weniweni wa refractive. Kukhazikika kwa dielectric ndi permeability kumatsimikiziridwa ndi ma formula \(\ varepsilon {} = {}n/z,\) ndi \(\mu = nz\), zomwe zimachokera ku impedance ndi refractive index, motero. Kupindika kosalekeza kwa dielectric kwa kapangidwe ka MM kukuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 5b. Pamafupipafupi a resonant, mphamvu ya dielectric yogwira mtima imakhala yolakwika. Zithunzi 6a,b zikuwonetsa zomwe zatulutsidwa za permeability (μ) ndi index yowoneka bwino (n) yama cell omwe akufunsidwa. Makamaka, zotulutsa zomwe zatulutsidwa zimawonetsa zabwino zenizeni pafupi ndi zero, zomwe zimatsimikizira za epsilon-negative (ENG) zamapangidwe a MM omwe akufunsidwa. Komanso, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 6a, kutsekemera kwa permeability pafupi ndi zero kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi ma frequency a resonant. Selo yopangidwa ndi maselo imakhala ndi ndondomeko yowonongeka (mkuyu 6b), zomwe zikutanthauza kuti MM yomwe ikufunsidwa ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupititsa patsogolo ntchito ya antenna21,41.
Chojambula chopangidwa cha mlongoti umodzi wa Broadband adapangidwa kuti ayesere kapangidwe kameneka. Zithunzi 7a,b zikuwonetsa zithunzi za mlongoti umodzi womwe ukufunidwa, magawo ake okhazikika komanso kakhazikitsidwe ka miyeso yapafupi ndi munda (SATIMO). Kupititsa patsogolo kagwiridwe ka mlongoti, metasurface yopangidwa imayikidwa mu zigawo pansi pa mlongoti, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 8a, ndi kutalika kwa h. Metasurface imodzi ya 40mm x 40mm yokhala ndi zigawo ziwiri idayikidwa kumbuyo kwa mlongoti umodzi pamipata ya 12mm. Kuphatikiza apo, metasurface yokhala ndi backplane imayikidwa kumbuyo kwa mlongoti umodzi pamtunda wa 12 mm. Pambuyo pogwiritsira ntchito metasurface, mlongoti umodzi umasonyeza kusintha kwakukulu kwa ntchito, monga momwe tawonetsera mu Zithunzi 1 ndi 2. Zithunzi 8 ndi 9. Chithunzi 8b chikuwonetsa ziwembu zofananira ndi zoyezera za mlongoti umodzi wopanda komanso wokhala ndi metasurfaces. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti gulu lophimba la mlongoti wokhala ndi metasurface ndi lofanana kwambiri ndi gulu lophimba la mlongoti wopanda metasurface. Zithunzi 9a,b zikuwonetsa kufananitsa kupindula kwa mlongoti umodzi wokhazikika komanso wowona bwino popanda komanso ndi MS pamawonekedwe opangira. Zitha kuwoneka kuti, poyerekeza ndi mlongoti wopanda metasurface, kupindula kwa mlongoti wa metasurface kumakhala bwino kwambiri, kuwonjezeka kuchokera ku 5.15 dBi mpaka 8 dBi. Kupindula kwa metasurface yamtundu umodzi, metasurface yamitundu iwiri, ndi mlongoti umodzi wokhala ndi metasurface yobwerera kumbuyo kwawonjezeka ndi 6 dBi, 6.9 dBi, ndi 8 dBi, motsatana. Poyerekeza ndi ma metasurfaces ena (osanjikiza amodzi ndi ma MC awiri), kupindula kwa mlongoti umodzi wa metasurface wokhala ndi ndege yamkuwa yamkuwa ndi mpaka 8 dBi. Pamenepa, metasurface imagwira ntchito ngati chowunikira, kuchepetsa ma radiation akumbuyo kwa mlongoti ndikuwongolera mafunde a electromagnetic mu gawo, potero kumawonjezera mphamvu ya radiation ya tinyangayo ndikupindula. Kafufuzidwe pakuchita bwino kwa mlongoti umodzi wopanda komanso wokhala ndi ma metasurface akuwonetsedwa pazithunzi 9b. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti magwiridwe antchito a mlongoti wokhala ndi metasurface ndi wofanana. Pafupipafupi pafupipafupi, mphamvu ya antenna imachepa pang'ono. Zoyeserera zoyeserera komanso zoyeserera komanso zokhotakhota bwino zimagwirizana bwino. Komabe, pali kusiyana pang'ono pakati pa zotsatira zoyeserera ndi zoyesedwa chifukwa cha zolakwika zopanga, kulolerana muyeso, kutayika kwa doko la SMA, ndi kutayika kwa waya. Kuphatikiza apo, mlongoti ndi MS reflector zili pakati pa nylon spacers, yomwe ndi nkhani ina yomwe imakhudza zotsatira zomwe zimawonedwa poyerekeza ndi zotsatira zofananitsa.
Chithunzi (a) chikuwonetsa mlongoti umodzi womalizidwa ndi zigawo zake. (b) Kukhazikitsa muyeso wa Near-field (SATIMO).
(a) Kusangalatsa kwa mlongoti pogwiritsa ntchito zowunikira za metasurface (CST STUDIO SUITE 2019). (b) Zoyeserera zoyeserera za mlongoti umodzi wopanda komanso ndi MS.
Kuyerekezera ndi kuyeza zotsatira za (a) kupindula komwe kunachitika komanso (b) mphamvu zonse za mlongoti wopangidwa ndi metasurface effect.
Beam pattern kusanthula pogwiritsa ntchito MS. Miyezo ya mlongoti umodzi pafupi ndi munda inachitikira mu SATIMO Near-Field Experimental Environment ya UKM SATIMO Near-Field Systems Laboratory. Zithunzi 10a, b zikuwonetsa ma radiation a E-ndege ndi H-ndege pa 5.5 GHz pa mlongoti umodzi womwe waperekedwa wokhala ndi MS komanso wopanda. Mlongoti umodzi wopangidwa (wopanda MS) umapereka mawonekedwe osakanikirana a ma radiation okhala ndi mbali za lobe. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito chowunikira cha MS chomwe mukufuna, mlongotiyo umapereka mawonekedwe amtundu wamtundu uliwonse ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ma lobes akumbuyo, monga momwe zikusonyezedwera mu Zithunzi 10a, b. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti mawonekedwe a radiation ya antenna amodzi amakhala okhazikika komanso osasunthika okhala ndi ma lobes otsika kwambiri akamagwiritsa ntchito metasurface yokhala ndi nsana yamkuwa. The akufuna MM array reflector amachepetsa lobes kumbuyo ndi mbali ya mlongoti pamene kuwongolera ma radiation ndi kutsogolera panopa njira unidirectional (mkuyu 10a, b), potero kuonjezera phindu ndi Directivity. Zinawoneka kuti mawonekedwe oyesera a radiation anali pafupifupi ofanana ndi a CST mafanizidwe, koma amasiyana pang'ono chifukwa cha kusalongosoka kwa magawo osiyanasiyana osonkhanitsidwa, kulolerana kwa miyeso, ndi kutayika kwa ma cabling. Kuphatikiza apo, nayiloni spacer idayikidwa pakati pa mlongoti ndi MS reflector, yomwe ndi nkhani ina yomwe imakhudza zotsatira zomwe zawonedwa poyerekeza ndi zotsatira za manambala.
Njira ya radiation ya mlongoti umodzi wopangidwa (wopanda MS ndi MS) pafupipafupi 5.5 GHz adayesedwera ndikuyesedwa.
Ma geometry a MIMO antenna akuwonetsedwa pachithunzi 11 ndipo akuphatikizapo tinyanga zinayi imodzi. Zigawo zinayi za mlongoti wa MIMO zimakonzedwa molunjika kwa wina ndi mzake pa gawo laling'ono la 80 × 80 × 1.575 mm, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 11. The MIMO antenna yopangidwa ili ndi mtunda wapakati wa 22 mm, womwe ndi wocheperapo kusiyana ndi mtunda wapafupi wofanana wa mlongoti. MIMO antenna idapangidwa. Kuonjezera apo, mbali ya ndege yapansi imakhala mofanana ndi mlongoti umodzi. Mawonekedwe a tinyanga a MIMO (S11, S22, S33, ndi S44) omwe akuwonetsedwa pa Chithunzi 12a amawonetsa machitidwe omwewo ngati mlongoti wa chinthu chimodzi womwe ukumveka mu gulu la 3.2-7.6 GHz. Chifukwa chake, bandwidth ya impedance ya mlongoti wa MIMO ndi wofanana ndendende ndi mlongoti umodzi. Kulumikizana pakati pa zigawo za MIMO ndiye chifukwa chachikulu chakuwonongeka kwakung'ono kwa bandwidth kwa tinyanga ta MIMO. Chithunzi 12b chikuwonetsa zotsatira za kulumikizana pazigawo za MIMO, pomwe kudzipatula koyenera pakati pa zigawo za MIMO kudatsimikizika. Kudzipatula pakati pa tinyanga 1 ndi 2 ndikotsika kwambiri pafupifupi -13.6 dB, ndipo kudzipatula pakati pa tinyanga 1 ndi 4 ndikokwera kwambiri pafupifupi -30.4 dB. Chifukwa chakuchepa kwake komanso bandwidth yotakata, mlongoti wa MIMO uwu umapindula pang'ono komanso kutsika kochepa. Insulation ndi yotsika, kotero kulimbitsa kowonjezereka ndi kutsekemera kumafunika;
Kapangidwe ka mlongoti wa MIMO (a) wowonekera pamwamba ndi (b) pansi. (CST Studio Suite 2019).
Makonzedwe a geometric ndi njira yosangalatsa ya mlongoti wa metasurface MIMO akuwonetsedwa pa chithunzi 13a. Matrix a 10x10mm okhala ndi miyeso ya 80x80x1.575mm adapangidwira kumbuyo kwa mlongoti wa 12mm wamtali wa MIMO, monga momwe chithunzi 13a chikusonyezera. Kuphatikiza apo, ma metasurface okhala ndi ma backplanes amkuwa amapangidwira kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito mu tinyanga ta MIMO kuti apititse patsogolo magwiridwe antchito awo. Mtunda wapakati pa metasurface ndi mlongoti wa MIMO ndi wofunikira kwambiri kuti mupindule kwambiri ndikuloleza kusokoneza koyenera pakati pa mafunde opangidwa ndi mlongoti ndi omwe amawonekera kuchokera kumtunda. Kujambula mozama kunachitika kuti kukwanitse kutalika pakati pa mlongoti ndi metasurface ndikusunga miyezo ya kotala-wave kuti mupindule kwambiri komanso kudzipatula pakati pa zinthu za MIMO. Kusintha kwakukulu mu kagwiridwe ka tinyanga ta MIMO komwe kunachitika pogwiritsa ntchito ma metasurface okhala ndi ma backplanes poyerekeza ndi ma metasurface opanda ma backplanes awonetsedwa m'mitu yotsatira.
(a) Kukhazikitsa kayeseleledwe ka CST ka mlongoti wa MIMO womwe wakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito MS (CST STUDIO SUITE 2019), (b) Mapiritsi owoneka bwino a makina opangidwa a MIMO opanda MS ndi MS.
Mawonekedwe a tinyanga a MIMO okhala ndi ma metasurfaces akuwonetsedwa pazithunzi 13b, pomwe S11 ndi S44 zimawonetsedwa chifukwa cha machitidwe ofanana a tinyanga zonse mu dongosolo la MIMO. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti -10 dB impedance bandwidth ya mlongoti wa MIMO wopanda komanso wokhala ndi metasurface imodzi ndiyofanana. Mosiyana ndi izi, bandwidth yolepheretsa ya mlongoti wa MIMO womwe ukufunidwa umapangidwa bwino ndi mitundu iwiri ya MS ndi backplane MS. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti popanda MS, mlongoti wa MIMO umapereka bandwidth yocheperako ya 81.5% (3.2-7.6 GHz) yokhudzana ndi ma frequency apakati. Kuphatikiza MS ndi ndege yakumbuyo kumawonjezera bandwidth ya mlongoti wa MIMO womwe akufuna kukhala 86.3% (3.08-7.75 GHz). Ngakhale kuti mitundu iwiri ya MS imachulukitsa kupititsa patsogolo, kuwongolerako ndikocheperako kuposa kwa MS yokhala ndi ndege yamkuwa yamkuwa. Kuphatikiza apo, MC yamitundu iwiri imakulitsa kukula kwa mlongoti, kumawonjezera mtengo wake, ndikuchepetsa kusiyanasiyana kwake. Mlongoti wa MIMO wopangidwa ndi metasurface reflector amapangidwa ndikutsimikiziridwa kuti atsimikizire zotsatira zofananira ndikuwunika momwe ntchito ikugwirira ntchito. Chithunzi 14a chikuwonetsa chosanjikiza cha MS ndi mlongoti wa MIMO wokhala ndi zida zosiyanasiyana zosonkhanitsidwa, pomwe Chithunzi 14b chikuwonetsa chithunzi cha makina opangidwa a MIMO. Mlongoti wa MIMO umayikidwa pamwamba pa metasurface pogwiritsa ntchito zida zinayi za nayiloni, monga momwe chithunzi 14b chikusonyezera. Chithunzi 15a chikuwonetsa chithunzithunzi cha kukhazikitsidwa koyeserera kwapafupi kwa makina opangidwa ndi antenna a MIMO. PNA network analyzer (Agilent Technologies PNA N5227A) idagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyerekeza magawo obalalitsa ndikuwunika ndikuwonetsa mawonekedwe omwe amatulutsa pafupi ndi malo mu UKM SATIMO Near-Field Systems Laboratory.
(a) Zithunzi za SATIMO miyeso yapafupi ndi munda (b) Mapiritsi oyeserera ndi oyesera a mlongoti wa S11 MIMO wokhala ndi MS komanso wopanda.
Gawoli likupereka kafukufuku woyerekeza ndi ma S-parameters omwe akufunsidwa a 5G MIMO antenna. Chithunzi 15b chikuwonetsa chiwembu choyesera cha mlongoti wophatikizika wa 4-element MIMO MS ndikufanizira ndi zotsatira zoyeserera za CST. Zowonetsa zoyeserera zidapezeka kuti ndizofanana ndi kuwerengera kwa CST, koma zinali zosiyana pang'ono chifukwa cha zolakwika zopanga ndi kulolerana koyesera. Kuphatikiza apo, mawonekedwe owonetseredwa amtundu wa MS-based MIMO akuphatikiza mawonekedwe a 5G pansi pa 6 GHz okhala ndi bandwidth ya 4.8 GHz, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito 5G ndikotheka. Komabe, ma frequency a resonant, bandwidth, ndi matalikidwe amasiyana pang'ono ndi zotsatira zofananira za CST. Kuwonongeka kwa kupanga, kutayika kwa coax-to-SMA coupling, ndi miyeso yakunja kungayambitse kusiyana pakati pa zotsatira zoyezedwa ndi zofananira. Komabe, ngakhale zili ndi zofooka izi, MIMO yomwe ikufunsidwa ikuchita bwino, ikupereka mgwirizano wamphamvu pakati pa zoyerekeza ndi miyeso, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera pamapulogalamu opanda zingwe a 6 GHz 5G.
Mapiritsi opindula a MIMO antenna akuwonetsedwa muzithunzi 2 ndi 2. Monga momwe tawonetsera mu Zithunzi 16a,b ndi 17a,b, motero, kuyanjana kwa zigawo za MIMO kukuwonetsedwa. Ma metasurfaces akagwiritsidwa ntchito pa tinyanga ta MIMO, kudzipatula pakati pa tinyanga ta MIMO kumakhala bwino. Magawo odzipatula pakati pa zinthu zoyandikana ndi mlongoti S12, S14, S23 ndi S34 amawonetsa mapindikidwe ofanana, pomwe tinyanga ta MIMO S13 ndi S42 zimawonetsanso kudzipatula kwakukulu chifukwa cha mtunda waukulu pakati pawo. Makhalidwe otengera kutengera kwa tinyanga zoyandikana akuwonetsedwa pazithunzi 16a. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti mu mawonekedwe a 5G ogwiritsira ntchito pansi pa 6 GHz, kudzipatula kochepa kwa mlongoti wa MIMO wopanda metasurface ndi -13.6 dB, ndi metasurface yokhala ndi backplane - 15.5 dB. Chiwembu chopindula (Chithunzi 16a) chikuwonetsa kuti metasurface yam'mbuyo imathandizira kwambiri kudzipatula pakati pa zinthu za mlongoti wa MIMO poyerekeza ndi ma metasurface osanjikiza awiri. Pazinthu zoyandikana ndi mlongoti, ma metasurface osanjikiza amodzi ndi awiri amapereka kudzipatula pang'ono pafupifupi -13.68 dB ndi -14.78 dB, ndipo metasurface yamkuwa imapereka pafupifupi -15.5 dB.
Ma curve odzipatula oyerekeza a zinthu za MIMO opanda MS wosanjikiza komanso wosanjikiza wa MS: (a) S12, S14, S34 ndi S32 ndi (b) S13 ndi S24.
Mapiringidwe oyeserera a tinyanga ta MIMO zokhazikitsidwa ndi MS popanda komanso ndi: (a) S12, S14, S34 ndi S32 ndi (b) S13 ndi S24.
Magawo a MIMO diagonal antenna asanayambe komanso atatha kuwonjezera gawo la MS akuwonetsedwa pa Chithunzi 16b. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti kudzipatula pang'ono pakati pa tinyanga ta diagonal popanda metasurface (tinyanga 1 ndi 3) ndi - 15.6 dB kudutsa sipekitiramu yogwira ntchito, ndipo metasurface yokhala ndi ndege yakumbuyo ndi - 18 dB. Njira ya metasurface imachepetsa kwambiri kugwirizana pakati pa ma diagonal MIMO antennas. Kutsekemera kwakukulu kwa metasurface ya single-wosanjikiza ndi -37 dB, pamene pawiri-wosanjikiza metasurface mtengo ukutsikira -47 dB. Kudzipatula kwakukulu kwa metasurface ndi backplane yamkuwa ndi -36.2 dB, yomwe imachepa ndi kuchuluka kwafupipafupi. Poyerekeza ndi ma metasurfaces osanjikiza awiri komanso osanjikiza awiri opanda ndege yakumbuyo, ma metasurface okhala ndi ndege yakumbuyo amapereka kudzipatula kwapamwamba pamitundu yonse yofunikira yogwirira ntchito, makamaka mumtundu wa 5G pansi pa 6 GHz, monga momwe zikuwonetsedwa pazithunzi 16a, b. Mu gulu lodziwika kwambiri komanso logwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri la 5G pansi pa 6 GHz (3.5 GHz), ma metasurfaces amodzi ndi awiri-wosanjikiza ali ndi kudzipatula kochepa pakati pa zigawo za MIMO kuposa ma metasurface okhala ndi ma backplanes amkuwa (pafupifupi MS) (onani Chithunzi 16a), b) . Miyezo yopindula ikuwonetsedwa mu Zithunzi 17a, b, kusonyeza kudzipatula kwa tinyanga zoyandikana (S12, S14, S34 ndi S32) ndi diagonal antennas (S24 ndi S13), motsatira. Monga momwe zikuwonekera kuchokera ku ziwerengerozi (mkuyu 17a, b), kudzipatula koyesera pakati pa zigawo za MIMO kumagwirizana bwino ndi kudzipatula kofanana. Ngakhale pali kusiyana pang'ono pakati pa zoyerekeza ndi zoyezera za CST chifukwa cha zolakwika zopanga, kulumikizana ndi madoko a SMA ndi kutayika kwa waya. Kuphatikiza apo, mlongoti ndi MS reflector zili pakati pa nylon spacers, yomwe ndi nkhani ina yomwe imakhudza zotsatira zomwe zimawonedwa poyerekeza ndi zotsatira zofananitsa.
adaphunzira za kugawa komwe kulipo pano pa 5.5 GHz kuti afotokozere momwe ma metasurfaces amagwirira ntchito pochepetsa kulumikizana kwapakati kudzera pakuponderezedwa kwa mafunde42. Kugawidwa kwaposachedwa kwa mlongoti wa MIMO womwe ukufunsidwa kukuwonetsedwa pa Chithunzi 18, pomwe mlongoti 1 umayendetsedwa ndipo mlongoti wotsalawo umathetsedwa ndi katundu wa 50 ohm. Mlongoti 1 ukakhala ndi mphamvu, mafunde olumikizana amawonekera moyandikana ndi tinyanga pa 5.5 GHz popanda metasurface, monga momwe chithunzi 18a chikusonyezera. M'malo mwake, pogwiritsa ntchito ma metasurfaces, monga momwe tawonetsera mkuyu 18b-d, kudzipatula pakati pa antennas oyandikana nawo kumakhala bwino. Kuyenera kudziŵika kuti zotsatira za kugwirizana lumikiza minda moyandikana akhoza kuchepetsedwa ndi kufalitsa lumikiza panopa mphete moyandikana ma unit maselo ndi moyandikana MS unit maselo pamodzi MS wosanjikiza mu njira antiparallel. Kubaya jekeseni wapano kuchokera ku tinyanga zogawidwa kupita ku mayunitsi a MS ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yosinthira kudzipatula pakati pa zigawo za MIMO. Zotsatira zake, kuphatikizika komweku pakati pa zigawo za MIMO kumachepetsedwa kwambiri, ndipo kudzipatula kumawongoleranso kwambiri. Chifukwa gawo lolumikizira limagawidwa kwambiri muzinthu, metasurface yamkuwa imalekanitsa gulu la antenna la MIMO kuposa ma metasurfaces amodzi ndi awiri osanjikiza (Chithunzi 18d). Kuphatikiza apo, mlongoti wa MIMO wopangidwa uli ndi kufalikira kochepa kwambiri komanso kufalikira kwam'mbali, kumapanga mawonekedwe a radiation unidirectional, motero kumawonjezera kupindula kwa mlongoti wa MIMO womwe waperekedwa.
Mawonekedwe apano a mlongoti wa MIMO womwe ukufunidwa pa 5.5 GHz (a) wopanda MC, (b) MC wosanjikiza umodzi, (c) MC wosanjikiza pawiri, ndi (d) MC wosanjikiza umodzi wokhala ndi ndege yakumbuyo yamkuwa. (CST Studio Suite 2019).
Mkati mwanthawi zogwirira ntchito, Chithunzi 19a chikuwonetsa zofananira ndikuwona kupindula kwa mlongoti wa MIMO wopangidwa wopanda komanso wokhala ndi ma metasurface. Kupindula kofananizidwa kwa mlongoti wa MIMO wopanda metasurface ndi 5.4 dBi, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 19a. Chifukwa cholumikizana pakati pa zigawo za MIMO, mlongoti wa MIMO womwe waperekedwa umapeza phindu lalikulu la 0.25 dBi kuposa mlongoti umodzi. Kuphatikiza kwa ma metasurfaces kungapereke phindu lalikulu komanso kudzipatula pakati pa zigawo za MIMO. Chifukwa chake, mlongoti wa metasurface wa MIMO ukhoza kupeza phindu lalikulu mpaka 8.3 dBi. Monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 19a, metasurface imodzi ikagwiritsidwa ntchito kumbuyo kwa mlongoti wa MIMO, phindu limawonjezeka ndi 1.4 dBi. Pamene metasurface ikuwonjezeka kawiri, phindu limawonjezeka ndi 2.1 dBi, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 19a. Komabe, kupindula kwakukulu komwe kumayembekezeredwa kwa 8.3 dBi kumatheka mukamagwiritsa ntchito metasurface yokhala ndi backplane yamkuwa. Chodziwika bwino, phindu lalikulu lapamwamba la metasurface ya single-wosanjikiza ndi iwiri ndi 6.8 dBi ndi 7.5 dBi, motsatana, pomwe phindu lalikulu la metasurface yapansi ndi 8.3 dBi. Metasurface wosanjikiza kuseri kwa mlongoti umagwira ntchito ngati chowunikira, kuwonetsa kuwala kochokera kumbuyo kwa mlongoti ndikuwongolera chiŵerengero cha kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo (F/B) cha mlongoti wa MIMO wopangidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, chowonera cha MS chowoneka bwino kwambiri chimagwiritsa ntchito mafunde a electromagnetic mugawo, potero amapanga kumveka kowonjezera ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito amtundu wa mlongoti wa MIMO. Chowonetsera cha MS chomwe chimayikidwa kumbuyo kwa mlongoti wa MIMO chikhoza kuonjezera kwambiri phindu lomwe mwapeza, lomwe limatsimikiziridwa ndi zotsatira zoyesera. Zomwe zimawonedwa ndi kuyerekezera za mlongoti wopangidwa wa MIMO ndizofanana, komabe, pamafupipafupi kupindula komwe kumayesedwa kumakhala kwakukulu kuposa kupindula koyerekeza, makamaka kwa MIMO wopanda MS; Kusiyanasiyana kumeneku pakupindula koyeserera kumachitika chifukwa cha kuyeza kwa mapadi a nayiloni, kutayika kwa zingwe, ndi kulumikizana mu dongosolo la tinyanga. Kupeza pachimake choyezedwa kwa mlongoti wa MIMO wopanda metasurface ndi 5.8 dBi, pomwe metasurface yokhala ndi ndege yakumbuyo yamkuwa ndi 8.5 dBi. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti dongosolo lathunthu la mlongoti wa 4-port MIMO wokhala ndi MS reflector amawonetsa kupindula kwakukulu poyesera komanso manambala.
Kuyerekeza ndi zotsatira zoyeserera za (a) kupindula komwe kwapezeka ndi (b) magwiridwe antchito onse a mlongoti wa MIMO womwe waperekedwa wokhala ndi metasurface effect.
Chithunzi 19b chikuwonetsa magwiridwe antchito onse adongosolo la MIMO lomwe akufuna popanda komanso zowunikira za metasurface. Pachithunzi 19b, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwambiri MS ndi backplane kunali kupitirira 73% (mpaka 84%). Kuchita bwino kwa tinyanga ta MIMO topangidwa popanda MC ndi MC kumakhala kofanana ndi kusiyana kwakung'ono poyerekeza ndi zomwe amatengera. Zifukwa za izi ndi kulolerana kwa miyeso ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma spacers pakati pa tinyanga ndi MS reflector. Kupindula komwe kunachitika komanso kuchita bwino pamafupipafupi onse kumakhala kofanana ndi zotsatira zofananira, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti magwiridwe antchito amtundu wa MIMO omwe akuyembekezeredwa ndi momwe amayembekezeredwa komanso kuti mlongoti wa MS-based MIMO antenna ndioyenera kulumikizana ndi 5G. Chifukwa cha zolakwika m'maphunziro oyesera, kusiyana kulipo pakati pa zotsatira zonse za mayesero a labotale ndi zotsatira za zofananira. Kachitidwe ka prototype yomwe akufunsidwayo imakhudzidwa ndi kusagwirizana pakati pa mlongoti ndi cholumikizira cha SMA, kutayika kwa chingwe cha coaxial, zotumphukira, komanso kuyandikira kwa zida zamagetsi zosiyanasiyana pakukhazikitsa koyesera.
Chithunzi 20 chikufotokoza momwe kamangidwe ndi kukhathamiritsa kwa mlongoti wotchulidwawo mu mawonekedwe a chipika chojambula. Chithunzichi cha block block chimapereka kulongosola kwapang'onopang'ono kwa mfundo zomwe zakonzedwa za MIMO antenna, komanso magawo omwe amathandizira kwambiri kukhathamiritsa kwa tinyanga kuti tipeze phindu lalikulu komanso kudzipatula kwakanthawi pafupipafupi.
Miyezo ya mlongoti wa MIMO wapafupi ndi malo adayesedwa mu SATIMO Near-Field Experimental Environment ku UKM SATIMO Near-Field Systems Laboratory. Zithunzi 21a,b zikuwonetsa ma radiation a E-ndege ndi H-ndege omwe amati antenna a MIMO okhala ndi MS komanso opanda MS pamayendedwe a 5.5 GHz. Pamaulendo apafupipafupi a 5.5 GHz, mlongoti wopangidwa womwe si wa MS MIMO umapereka mawonekedwe osasinthika a radiation okhala ndi ma lobe am'mbali. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito chowunikira cha MS, mlongoti umapereka mawonekedwe a radiation unidirectional ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ma lobes akumbuyo, monga momwe zikuwonekera pazithunzi 21a, b. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti pogwiritsira ntchito metasurface yokhala ndi nsana yamkuwa, mawonekedwe a mlongoti wa MIMO ndi wokhazikika komanso wosalunjika kuposa wopanda MS, wokhala ndi ma lobes otsika kwambiri kumbuyo ndi m'mbali. The akufuna MM array reflector amachepetsa mmbuyo ndi mbali lobes mlongoti komanso bwino makhalidwe cheza ndi kutsogolera panopa mu njira unidirectional (mkuyu 21a, b), potero kuwonjezera phindu ndi Directivity. Njira yoyezera ma radiation idapezedwa padoko 1 ndi katundu wa 50 ohm wolumikizidwa ndi madoko otsala. Zinawoneka kuti njira yoyesera yowunikira inali yofanana ndi yomwe idafaniziridwa ndi CST, ngakhale panali zopatuka zina chifukwa cha kusalongosoka kwa chigawocho, zowunikira kuchokera ku madoko otsekera, komanso kutayika kwamalumikizidwe a chingwe. Kuphatikiza apo, nayiloni spacer idayikidwa pakati pa mlongoti ndi MS reflector, yomwe ndi nkhani ina yomwe imakhudza zotsatira zomwe zawonedwa poyerekeza ndi zotsatira zomwe zinanenedweratu.
Njira ya radiation ya mlongoti wa MIMO wopangidwa (wopanda MS ndi MS) pafupipafupi wa 5.5 GHz adayesedwera ndikuyesedwa.
Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kudzipatula kumadoko ndi mawonekedwe ake ogwirizana ndizofunikira pakuwunika momwe machitidwe a MIMO amagwirira ntchito. Kachitidwe kosiyanasiyana kwa dongosolo la MIMO lomwe akufuna, kuphatikiza ma envelopu coefficient (ECC) ndi diversity gain (DG), amawunikidwa kuti awonetse kulimba kwa kachitidwe ka MIMO antenna. ECC ndi DG ya mlongoti wa MIMO angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwunika momwe imagwirira ntchito popeza ndi mbali zofunika kwambiri za machitidwe a MIMO. Magawo otsatirawa afotokoza mwatsatanetsatane mawonekedwe a mlongoti wa MIMO.
Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC). Ikaganizira za dongosolo lililonse la MIMO, ECC imazindikira momwe zinthu zomwe zili mgululi zimalumikizirana wina ndi mnzake pokhudzana ndi katundu wawo. Chifukwa chake, ECC ikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa kudzipatula kwa njira mu netiweki yolumikizirana opanda zingwe. ECC (envelopu corelation coefficient) ya makina opangidwa ndi MIMO amatha kutsimikiziridwa potengera S-parameters ndi kutulutsa kwakutali. Kuchokera ku Eq. (7) ndi (8) ECC ya MIMO antenna 31 yomwe ikufunsidwa ikhoza kutsimikiziridwa.
Coefficient yowonetsera imayimiridwa ndi Sii ndi Sij ikuyimira gawo lopatsirana. Ma radiation amitundu itatu ya tinyanga ta j-th ndi i-th amaperekedwa ndi mawu \(\vec{R}_{j} \left({\theta,\varphi} \right)\) ndi \( \ vec {{R_{ i } }} Ngodya yolimba yoimiridwa ndi \ kumanzere ( {\ theta ,\varphi } \ kumanja)\) ndi \({\ Omega }\). Mphepete mwa ECC wa mlongoti womwe ukuperekedwa ukuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 22a ndipo mtengo wake ndi wocheperapo 0.004, womwe uli pansi pa mtengo wovomerezeka wa 0.5 wa makina opanda zingwe. Chifukwa chake, mtengo wochepetsedwa wa ECC umatanthauza kuti dongosolo la 4-doko la MIMO limapereka kusiyana kwakukulu43.
Diversity Gain (DG) DG ndi metric ina ya machitidwe a MIMO yomwe imalongosola momwe mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhudzira mphamvu yowunikira. Relation (9) imatsimikizira DG ya dongosolo la antenna la MIMO lomwe likupangidwa, monga tafotokozera mu 31.
Chithunzi 22b chikuwonetsa chithunzi cha DG cha dongosolo la MIMO lomwe likufunsidwa, pomwe mtengo wa DG uli pafupi kwambiri ndi 10 dB. Miyezo ya DG ya tinyanga zonse zamakina opangidwa a MIMO amapitilira 9.98 dB.
Gome 1 likufanizira mlongoti wa MIMO wopangidwa ndi metasurface womwe wapangidwa posachedwa. Kuyerekezaku kumaganizira magawo osiyanasiyana a magwiridwe antchito, kuphatikiza bandwidth, kupindula, kudzipatula kwambiri, kuchita bwino, komanso magwiridwe antchito osiyanasiyana. Ofufuza apereka ma prototypes osiyanasiyana a antenna a MIMO ndi njira zopezera phindu komanso kudzipatula mu 5, 44, 45, 46, 47. Poyerekeza ndi ntchito zomwe zasindikizidwa kale, dongosolo la MIMO lomwe likufunsidwa lomwe lili ndi ma metasurface reflectors amawaposa potengera bandwidth, kupindula, ndi kudzipatula. Kuphatikiza apo, poyerekeza ndi tinyanga zofananira zomwe zidanenedwa, makina opangidwa a MIMO amawonetsa magwiridwe antchito apamwamba komanso magwiridwe antchito pang'ono. Ngakhale tinyanga talongosoledwa mu Gawo 5.46 zili ndi kudzipatula kwapamwamba kuposa tinyanga zomwe tikufuna, tinyangazi timavutika ndi kukula kwakukulu, kupindula kochepa, bandwidth yopapatiza, komanso kusachita bwino kwa MIMO. Mlongoti wa 4-port MIMO antenna yomwe yaperekedwa mu 45 ikuwonetsa kupindula kwakukulu komanso kuchita bwino, koma kapangidwe kake kamakhala ndi kudzipatula kocheperako, kukula kwakukulu, komanso kusachita bwino kosiyanasiyana. Kumbali ina, kachitidwe kakang'ono ka tinyanga tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono ta 47 kamakhala ndi phindu lochepa kwambiri komanso bandwidth yogwiritsira ntchito, pomwe dongosolo lathu la MS based 4-port MIMO system likuwonetsa kukula pang'ono, kupindula kwakukulu, kudzipatula kwakukulu komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino a MIMO. Chifukwa chake, mlongoti wa metasurface wa MIMO ukhoza kukhala wotsutsana kwambiri ndi njira zoyankhulirana za sub-6 GHz 5G.
Mlongoti wa MIMO wokhala ndi madoko anayi omwe ali ndi ma doko anayi omwe ali ndi phindu lalikulu komanso kudzipatula akuyembekezeka kuthandizira kugwiritsa ntchito 5G pansi pa 6 GHz. Mzere wa microstrip umadyetsa gawo lalikulu lowala, lomwe limadulidwa ndi sikweya pamakona a diagonal. Zomwe akufunsidwa za MS ndi antenna emitter zimayikidwa pazida zam'munsi zofanana ndi Rogers RT5880 kuti zitheke bwino pamakina olumikizirana othamanga kwambiri a 5G. Mlongoti wa MIMO umakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso kupindula kwakukulu, ndipo umapereka kudzipatula pakati pa zigawo za MIMO ndikuchita bwino kwambiri. Mlongoti umodzi wopangidwa uli ndi miyeso yaying'ono ya 0.58?0.58?0.02? yokhala ndi 5 × 5 metasurface array, imapereka bandwidth yogwira ntchito ya 4.56 GHz, kupindula kwapamwamba kwa 8 dBi komanso kuchita bwino kwambiri. Mlongoti wa MIMO wa madoko anayi (2 × 2 array) adapangidwa ndikugwirizanitsa mlongoti uliwonse womwe ukufunidwa ndi mlongoti wina wokhala ndi miyeso ya 1.05λ × 1.05 × 0.02λ. Ndikofunikira kusonkhanitsa gulu la 10 × 10 MM pansi pa 12mm mkulu wa MIMO antenna, yomwe ingachepetse kuwunikira kumbuyo ndikuchepetsa kulumikizana pakati pa zigawo za MIMO, potero kumathandizira kupindula ndi kudzipatula. Zotsatira zoyeserera ndi zofananira zikuwonetsa kuti mawonekedwe a MIMO opangidwa amatha kugwira ntchito pafupipafupi 3.08-7.75 GHz, kuphimba mawonekedwe a 5G pansi pa 6 GHz. Kuphatikiza apo, mlongoti wa MS-based MIMO antenna umapangitsa kupindula kwake ndi 2.9 dBi, kupeza phindu lalikulu la 8.3 dBi, ndipo imapereka kudzipatula kwabwino kwambiri (> 15.5 dB) pakati pa zigawo za MIMO, kutsimikizira zopereka za MS. Kuphatikiza apo, mlongoti wa MIMO womwe ukufunidwa uli ndi mphamvu yayitali kwambiri ya 82% komanso mtunda wocheperako wa 22 mm. Mlongoti umawonetsa magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri a MIMO kuphatikiza DG yapamwamba kwambiri (yopitilira 9.98 dB), ECC yotsika kwambiri (yosakwana 0.004) komanso mawonekedwe a radiation unidirectional. Zotsatira za muyeso ndizofanana kwambiri ndi zotsatira zofananira. Makhalidwewa amatsimikizira kuti makina opangidwa ndi madoko anayi a MIMO antenna akhoza kukhala chisankho chotheka kwa machitidwe olankhulana a 5G mu sub-6 GHz frequency range.
Cowin atha kupereka 400-6000MHz wideband PCB mlongoti, ndi thandizo kupanga mlongoti watsopano malinga ndi lamulo lanu, chonde titumizireni mosazengereza ngati muli ndi pempho.

 

 


Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-10-2024